Antibiotics produced by Cytospora sp. W.F.P.L. 13A

ABSTRACT

When Cytospora sp. is subjected to aerobic fermentation a number of new antibiotics are produced. Methods of production, recovery and purification of these antibiotics are described and some of their antimicrobial properties are described. One of the new antibiotics discovered (Grahamimycin A) corresponds to the formula: ##STR1## Another (Grahamimycin B) corresponds to the formula: ##STR2##

This is a division of application Ser. No. 882,492, filed Mar. 1, 1978.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

The search for new antibiotics produced by soil microorganisms hasencompassed the screening of various genera of bacteria, high bacteriaand fungi including many strains within each species.

Among the microorganisms that have not received much attention is afungus which belongs to the form class Deuteromycetes (or FungiImperfecti), form order Sphaeropsidales, form family Sphaeropsidaceaeand the form genus Cytospora sp. W.F.P.L. (Western Forest ProductsLaboratory in Vancover, B.C., Canada) 13A.

While screening for new antibiotics from plant pathogenic fungi strongantimicrobial activity was observed in agar plate cultures of at leastten genera of fungi not previously reported to produce any antibiotics.

U.S. Pat. No. 3,151,038 to Gray describes a process for the productionof proteins and while Cytospora sp. is mentioned there is no referenceto Cytospora sp. W.F.P.L. 13A and the process conditions employed aresignificantly different.

MacMillian et al, J.C.S. Perkin 1, 14, 1487-1493 (1973) describecolletoketol, which appears to be a stereoisomer of Grahamimycin A,produced herein. Colletoketol was produced by the fermentation of theplant pathogen, Colletotrichum capsici.

DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

This invention relates to antibiotics produced by aerobic fermentationof Cytospora sp. W.F.P.L. 13A in the presence of a suitable carbonsource, with aeration. While aeration is essential for the production ofthe antibiotic, the donor fungus grows equally well under anaerobicconditions.

Cultivation of the Cytospora sp. W.F.P.L. 13A culture preferably takesplace in nutrient media at a temperature of about 20° to about 30° C.and preferably about 24° to about 27° C. and under submerged aerobicconditions with agitation. Suitable nutrient media are describedhereinafter. If excessive foaming is encountered during fermentation,antifoam agents such as silicone oils may be added to the medium. The pHof the fermentation tends to decrease with time, and buffering isusually not necessary, but if variations are encountered, a bufferingagent such as calcium carbonate can be employed. Aeration of the mediafor submerged growth is preferably maintained at a rate of about 0.2 to0.3 volumes of air per volume of broth per minute. Agitation may bemaintained by means of agitators generally familiar to those in thefermentation industry. Aseptic conditions must, of course, be maintainedin the transfer of the microorganisms and throughout its growth.

An inoculum for the preparation of the antibiotics can be obtained fromknown cultures of Cytospora sp. W.F.P.L. 13A such as the stock culturesdescribed hereinafter. The culture may be used to inoculate eithershaker flasks or inoculum tanks, or alternatively, the inoculum tanksmay be seeded from the shaker flasks. The growth of the microorganismusually reaches its maximum in about 8-10 days. However, variation inequipment used, aeration, rate of stirring etc. may affect the speedwith which maximum growth is reached. In general, the fermentation isconducted until substantial antimicrobial activity is imparted to themedium, a period of from about 7 to about 9 being sufficient for mostpurposes.

The process of antibiotic production is conveniently followed duringfermentation by biological assay of the broth employing the susceptibleorganism Pseudomonas nigrifaciens in a zone inhibition assay techniqueas described hereinafter.

The desired antibiotic products are present in the culture filtrate, aswell as in the culture medium and may be isolated by filtration of theculture medium followed by extraction with a suitable solvent, forexample, as set forth in the flow chart in FIG. 2. Further separationand purification may be carried out by means of chromatography using anadsorption column, for example, silica gel, and elution solvents.

Thin-layer chromatography employing silica gel is a useful tool foranalyzing the antibiotics produced in the culture and the composition ofcrude and purified materials extracted from fermentation broths.

Cytospora sp. W.F.P.L. 13A, which grows on lodge pole pine as asaprophyte, is described as follows:

a. MORPHOLOGY OF CYTOSPORA Sp. W.F.P.L. 13A

Cytospora sp. W.F.P.L. 13A produces cream white to hyaline, moderate toprofusely branched, multiseptate mycelia on agar cultures. On severalmedia the older mycelia turn dark green to brown in color. This organismwhich produces no pigment on most media will produce a dark green tobrown pigment when grown in a medium containing potato extract. Noperfect stages of this fungus are known. After three to four weeks ofgrowth on potato dextrose agar (PDA) at 23°-24° C., or two weeks ofgrowth on malt-yeast extract agar (MYA) at 23°-24° C., the fungusproduces abundant stromatic bodies. These stromata are dark brown toblack, tough, leathery to brittle, carbonaceous, and measure 2-5 mmacross. Stromata are glabrous or sometimes covered with velvety-woollywhite mycelia and a few multi-cellular, brown whiplike appendages on thedark brown pseudoparenchymatous stromatic tissues. Older stromata exudeone or two drops of light-yellow to amber-colored viscous fluid mostlyat their ostiolar regions. After the liquid dries, a small crater at thetop of the stromata is left. Cross sections of the stroma reveal thepresence of one to several pycnidial locules which are well separated. Alarge number of unicellular, minute, hyaline, allantoid or gently curvedconidia or pycniospores which measure 7×1.5 microns are found in thesepycnidial locules and in the amber-colored liquid which oozes out fromthe locules.

b. GROWTH CHARACTERISTICS OF CYTOSPORA Sp. W.F.P.L. 13A

Cytospora sp. W.F.P.L. 13A can be grown successfully on a variety ofmedia. The following growth characteristics were observed afterincubation at ambient temperature (23°-24° C.) on various media for aperiod of four weeks.

(1). Malt-yeast extract agar (Malt extract, 1.0 g; yeast extract, 1.0 g;agar, 1.7 g; tap water*, 100 ml):

Excellent growth was observed. Moist yeast-like colonies were noted withconcentric zones of hyaline mycelial growth causing ridges and furrowson the agar surface tangential to the advancing edge of the colonies.Mycelia which were moderately branched stuck to the agar surface whenpulled. A large number of minute white to dark-brown stromata formed inrings on most mycelial colonies and some were totally buried in theagar. In this medium stromata appeared 7-10 days earlier than in othermedia tested and did not develop hair-like appendages on their out wallsurfaces. No pigment was visible in the agar medium and no sporulatingstructures were observed other than pyciniospores produced inside thestromata.

(2). BBL Potato-dextrose Agar (PDA):

Excellent growth was observed with smooth, white to cream-coloredyounger mycelia developing in contrast to light-green to greenish-brownolder portion of colonies. No pigment was visible in the agar medium andthe colonies were dry. Stromata appeared after 3-5 weeks of growth; theyvaried in size and shape from half globose to spherical, and in colorfrom dark-brown to black, and were glabrous or sometimes hirsute withmulticellular appendages. Stromata were on the surface and within theagar. In general stromata appeared a week or two later than inmalt-yeast extract agar and were larger in size, sometimes measuringalmost a centimeter across.

(3). Tomato Juice Agar (20 ml Campbell's tomato juice with 80 ml of tapwater, solidified with 1.7% agar):

Velvety-white dry mycelia were formed with a cream-colored underside. Nopigments were produced. Only a few stromata were formed even after fourweeks of growth.

(4). Gelatin (Gelatin, 3.0 g; glucose, 2.0 g; yeast extract, 1.0 g; tapwater, 100 ml):

Abundant snow white dry mycelial growth was observed in the first twoweeks. Later in the third and subsequent weeks, the mycelia becamemoist; liquefaction of gelation was noticeable only after 24-28 days ofgrowth. There was no production of pigment either in the mycelia or inthe medium. No sporulating bodies were formed.

(5). Sabouraud Liquid Medium+1.7%+1.5% Soluble Starch:

Excellent growth was observed with yeast-like, cream-colored mycelialcolonies which grew both on the surface and into the agar. No pigmentand no sporulating structures were formed. After three weeks of growth,Gram's iodine stain was used to detect the hydrolysis of starch. Noresidual starch could be detected within a 1-cm distance around thecolony. This test indicates that the fungus hydrolyzes starch.

(6). Water Agar (Tap water 100 ml+1.7 g washed agar):

Very poor growth in the first week was observed. Later in the second andsubsequent weeks elongated, thin, hyaline, sparingly branched hyphaecovered the whole surface of the agar. Some hyphae measured 2-3 cm inlength with no traces of pigmentation and remained hyaline throughout.

(7). Nutrient Agar (0.8% Difco Nutrient broth in 1.7% agar);

Very poor growth resulted. Mycelia were sparse, hyaline, and frequentlyin spirals or coils. No sporulating structures and no pigmentation wereobserved.

(8). Baoto Czapek Solution Agar;

Little or no growth resulted. In cases where growth was observed,sparse, hyaline extensively branched mycelia were formed. No sporulatingstructures were noticed.

(9). PDA with 1% Yeast Extract:

Excellent growth was noticed. External features of colonies resembledyeast-like growth. Mycelia grew both on the surface and into the mediumand, when pulled, adhered to the agar. Surfaces of the agar showedridges and furrows which may have been due to partial hydrolysis of theagar by this fungus. Older mycelia acquired dark green to brownpigmentation. No fruiting bodies were formed. Whereas the mycelia weredark green, little pigment diffused into the medium.

CARBON UTILIZATION

To determine which carbon source was suitable for the growth of theorganism (and for the production of the antibiotic), Cytospora sp.W.F.P.L. 13A was grown at 25° C. in 50 ml of the basal medium [g/liter:NH₄ NO₃, 1.0; MGSO₄.7H₂ O, 0.7; KH₂ PO₄, 0.9; K₂ HPO₄, 0.7 yeastextract, (Difco) 0.1] with 1.5 percent of the test carbon source in eachflask (Table 1). The initial pH of the medium was 6.0 to 6.2 beforesterilizing and in general decreased during growth. Cultures were shakenat 115 rpm for four weeks (Table 1). During this period the growthcharacteristics of the fungus, the antibiotic activity againstPseudomonas nigrifaciens and the change in pH in each of the media weretested.

Excellent growth of mycelia (dry weight) was observed in those flaskscontaining glucose, mannose, maltose or fructose (Table 1). For thesecarbon sources the mycelial growth was observed 4-5 days prior to growthon the other carbon sources tested. In comparison to other carbonsources tested, antibiotic production was low.

The growth of the fungus was slower and the total amount of mycelialmaterial produced (Table 1) was smaller when the fungus was grown onmannitol, lactose, sorbitol, arabinose or inositol. In contrast to thepoorer vegetative growth on these carbon sources, there was, however,considerable antibiotic activity produced. In flasks containing mannitolthe organism produced gray-colored mycelial balls with dark-brown toblack globose stromata.

Various shades of yellow pigment diffused into the test media (Table 1)and also the mycelial material acquired different shades of dark-greento dark-brown pigments in some cases. There was no sporulatingstructures produced on most carbon sources tested.

                  TABLE 1                                                         ______________________________________                                        UTILIZATION OF CARBON SOURCE                                                  BY CYTOSPORA SP W.F.P.L. 13A                                                  Carbon   Dry Wt.   Terminal          Antibiotic                               Source   of Mycelia                                                                              pH       Pigmentation                                                                           Activity*                                ______________________________________                                        Mannose  253     mg    2.45   No pigment                                                                             0.40  mg                               Maltose  231.0         2.55   light green                                                                            0.240                                  Fructose 220.0         2.00   light yellow                                                                           2.00                                   Glucose  137.5         3.00   light yellow                                                                           2.00                                   Xylose   61.90         3.80   no       3.20                                   Mannitol 57.10         5.75   no       6.80                                   Galactose                                                                              26.00         4.40   light yellow                                                                           3.60                                   Lactose  23.50         5.90   amber color                                                                            20.00                                  Glycerol 23.00         6.45   no pigment                                                                             0.32                                   Sorbitol 20.00         5.50   no pigment                                                                             15.20                                  Arabinose                                                                              19.00         5.80   crimson red                                                                            6.00                                   Sucrose  15.00         6.45   no pigment                                                                             4.00                                   Inositol 11.00         6.20   no pigment                                                                             16.80                                  Salicin  7.50          3.80   no pigment                                                                             0.640                                  Rhamnose 5.00          4.60   no pigment                                                                             4.80                                   Control  7.00          6.45   no pigment                                                                             0.060                                  ______________________________________                                         *As in Example 3                                                         

Maintenance of Stock Cultures

Stock cultures of Cytospora sp. W.F.P.L. 13A can be maintained on PDAplates at 25° C. for a period of 4-6 weeks or can be stored on PDAslants at 4° C. for a period of 2-3 months. To keep the culture viableit is essential that the organism be periodically subcultured on thesame medium. Addition of 1 percent yeast extract to the PDA mediumhelped to stimulate the organism to grow into the agar as well as on thesurface of the agar; these types of slants can be stored at 4° C. for anextended period of time without losing much viability.

EXAMPLE 1 PRODUCTION AND PURIFICATION OF ANTIBIOTICS

The actively growing edges of a stock culture colony were used toinoculate 500 ml Erlenmeyer flasks containing 150-200 ml of sterilepotato dextrose broth at a pH of 5.8 to 6.2.* Potato dextrose broth wasprepared by homogenizing 60-70 grams potatoes in one liter of tap waterfollowed by addition of 20 grams of glucose. Seed cultures of 200 mlwere grown for a period of 4-7 days at 24° C. on a reciprocating shakerset at 115 rpm. Those seed cultures which showed high antimicrobialactivity (as in Example 3) were inoculated into 10 liters of sterilizedmedium of the same composition. The aerobic growth was carried out at26° C. with agitation at 350-400 rpm and with a supply fo 3-4 liters ofsterile air per minute. As needed 500-100 μl sterile antifoam solutionwas added to the fermenter to keep the culture from foaming. Both thegrowth of the fungus and the antibiotic in the broth were monitoredduring the fermentation. The antibiotic activity of the broth wasmeasured by using the paper-disc agar diffusion method on thesusceptible organism Pseudomonas nigrifaciens (as described in Example3). This organism is a halophilic and foul-smelling bacterium commonlyfound in salt-water lakes and bays.

During the first thirty hours of fermentation only a small amount of newmycelial material was produced. A loose cottony mesh of new myceliabecame visible around 36-40 hrs. of fermentation. Only a small amount ofantibiotic was present in the broth for the first 24-40 hrs. of growth.About eighty percent of total hyphal material and the antibiotic wasformed during the period beginning the third day of fermentation (36-40hrs.) to the end of the fifth day. Beyond the sixth day until to the endof the ninth day, the vegetative growth was considerably slowed, and theantibiotic activity in the medium increased to a maximum concentrationaround the ninth day. Prolonging the fermentation beyond the ninth daydid not significantly increase the antibiotic yield (FIG. 1). Usually agrowth duration of 8-10 days was sufficient for an optimum yield of theantibiotic.

For maximum antibiotic production, the potato broth containing 2%glucose proved to be the medium of choice. Aeration was absolutelyessential for the production of the antibiotic but was not necessary forthe growth of the fungus. The donor fungus grew equally well underanaerobic conditions.

During aerobic growth the pH of the medium gradually decreased from 6.2to 5.0 around the fifth day to pH 4.5 at around the ninth day. Themycelia were light-cream to white in color during the first 72-96 hrs.of growth and turned green to dark-green at around seven days. Nopigment was observed in the medium for the first 4-5 days of growth, butafter the fifth day, a light-green pigment diffused into the medium. Nosporulating structures were produced during the entire 9-11 days ofgrowth; the organism multiplied only by the propagation of thevegetative mycelia.

A high level of antibiotic activity was observed both in mycelia and inthe cell-free liquid portion of the fermentation culture. Thus, for anefficient extraction of the antibiotic it was desirable to separate themycelia from the broth. This was easily done (i) by a gravity filtrationof the broth through a double layer of cheese cloth, or (ii) bycentrifugation with a continuous-flow centrifuge, or (iii) by simplykeeping the fermenter culture overnight at 5°-10° C. without aeration toallow the cells to settle to the bottom of the container; the top clearliquid could then be easily decanted. Typical growth in 10-12 litersyielded around 900-1500 grams (fresh weight) of mycelial material.

The antibiotic was extracted from the cultures and purified as follows:

The cell-free filtrate was extracted twice, each time with 2 liters ofchloroform. After the removal of the relatively inactive aqueous layer,the active chloroform layers were combined, pooled with the chloroformextract of mycelia (next paragraph), filtered, and concentrated underreduced pressure. (Other solvents suitable for the extraction of theantibiotic from the cultures were ethyl acetate, methylene chloride,ethylene chloride, methyl ethyl ketone, methyl isobutyl ketone, butylalcohol or butyl chloride.) The residue which was a greenish-yellow,viscous liquid was triturated with 300-400 ml of petroleum ether (bp:60°-100° C.) to extract fat-soluble impurities and some antibioticactivity which was processed separately. The petroleum ether-insolublematerial which was a greenish-amber amorphous substance was trituratedwith 150-200 ml of anhydrous diethyl ether or 70-80 ml of methylenechloride, the extract filtered through a sintered-glass filter, and thevolume reduced to 50-60 ml under reduced pressure. The concentratedether or methylene chloride solution was added dropwise to 20-volumes ofpetroleum ether (bp: 60°-110° C.) at 25° C. while mixing with a magneticstirrer. The light-yellow to white-colored antibiotic precipitate wascollected on a sintered-glass filter and washed 3-4 times withadditional small portions of petroleum ether. Other suitable solventcombinations for the extraction and precipitation of the antibiotic fromthe culture filtrate are: (a) methylene chloride followed by petroleumether or heptane (1:20 in each case); (b) methylene chloride, followedby petroleum ether or heptane (1:20, in each case); (c) methyl ethylketone followed by petroleum ether (1:20); (d) absolute ethanol followedby petroleum ether (1:20) or (e) diisopropyl ether followed by petroleumether (1:20). Alternatively, various combinations and ratios of theabove extracting and precipitating agents can be used to recover theantibiotic.

The aforementioned residual mycelial material (900-1500 grams freshweight) was processed separately by homogenizing in the presence ofacetone with a mortar and pestle. Addition of glass beads or any otherabrasive material helped to disrupt cells. The homogenate was filtered,the filtrate concentrated under reduced pressure and the residuetriturated with 200-300 ml chloroform. This latter chloroform extractwas pooled with the chloroform extract of the filtrate for furtherprocessing of the antibiotic.

The yield of antibiotic varied from batch to batch. For each 20-24liters of fermentation culture, 10-12 grams of crude antibiotic materialwas obtained as a light-yellow to amber-colored, partially crystallinesolid. The antibiotic material was further purified by 2"×15" columnchromatography on silica gel 60-200 mesh (Baker Analyzed Reagent). Amaterial, hereinafter referred to as Grahamimycin A, was eluted with oneliter of 2% ether in methylene dichloride. Another fraction, hereinafterreferred to as Grahamimycin B complex, which is more polar thanGrahamimycin A, was eluted from the column with 500 ml of 10% ether inmethylene chloride. A third active fraction (hereinafter referred to asGrahamimycin C) was eluted with 200 ml methanol. The fractionationscheme described is summarized in FIG. 2. Various fractions which haveantibiotic activity against both Ps. nigrifaciens and Bacillus subtilisare noted. The Grahamimycin A fraction was again subjected to columnchromatography employing a 5.4×50 cm on silica gel (E. Merck PF 254)employing 20% ether in dichloromethane at a rate of 24 ml per minute.30-70 ml fractions were collected. Fractions 31-41 were obtainedemploying 36% ether in dichloromethane. Elution was then continuedemploying 50% ether in dichloromethane. Fractions 42-49 were evaporated,and the resultant solid crystallized from methylene dichloride withhexane added to first crystal at boiling. Grahamimycin A wascrystallized from 95% ethanol 4-6 times, and then from methylenechloride-diisopropyl ether to afford pure antibiotic.

EXAMPLE 2 CHARACTERIZATION AND IDENTIFICATION OF GRAHAMIMYCIN A

(1). Appearance

The pure Grahamimycin A is a white to light-yellow, semi-transparentcrystalline compound. The color, size and shape of the crystals formedwere dependent on the solvents and conditions used for crystallization.Flat disc-shaped crystals aggregated into various structures resemblingbranched bundles of crystals when 1:1 ethyl ether and petroleum etherhad been used. From methanol and petroleum ether, rhomboidal crystalswere formed; needle-shaped crystals were formed when ethyl acetate andpetroleum ether had been used. Thin, semi-transparent plate-likecrystals were formed from methylene chloride-hexane, methylenechloride-diisopropyl or ethanol.

(2). Melting Point

Melting point determinations were carried out in sealed evacuated glasscapillaries using a Thomas-Hoover Unimelt apparatus. Extensivedecomposition occurred as evidenced by the formation of an intenselyyellow melt, although considerable biological activity remained in thefused material. The range of melting was variable, but occurred between140°-148° C.

(3). Elemental Composition

Elemental analysis was performed by Galbraith Laboratories and gave59.46% C and 6.66% H, with less than 0.1% N. This agrees with acalculated formula of C₁₄ H₁₈ O₆ (59.57% C, 6.38 H).

(4). Optical Rotation

The optical rotation was determined at two separate concentrations inchloroform and the specific rotation found to be [α]_(D) ²² -34° (1.47in CHCl₃).

(5). Molecular Weight Determinations

The molecular weight of Grahamimycin A was determined by directinjection using both electron-impact and chemical-ionization modes formass spectroscopy. The former method showed M⁺ (molecular ion) to be 282amu, and the latter showed (M+1)⁺ to be 283 amu. A similar determinationemploying GC-MS (combined gas chromatography-mass spectroscopy) on atrimethylsilyl derivative, prepared by heating the antibiotic briefly(80° C. for 20 min.) in bis-trimethylsilylacetamide, showed M⁺ at 356.Two minor components from the silylation mixture also showed a similarmolecular ion. When the antibiotic which had been dissolved in ethylacetate was injected into GLC no response and therefore no mass spectrumwas obtained. However, the same compound after silylation withbis-trimethylsilylacetamide for 20 minutes at 80° C. gave a goodresponse on GLC (4 ft.×1/8 inch SP 400 at 180°-280° C.; programmed at 6°C./minute). A single major peak accounting for 95% of the area under allpeaks and two to three minor peaks were observed. The electron-impactmass spectrum of this TMS-derivative of the antibiotic showed amolecular ion at 356 and a major fragment ion at 143.

(6). UV and Visible Spectra

A continuous end absorption with a shoulder at 243 nm and a maximum at353 nm was observed (FIG. 3). No absorption maxima were observed in thevisible region of the spectrum.

(7). The Infrared Absorption Maxima

The infrared absorption spectrum of Grahamimycin A was obtained in apotassium bromide pellet using a Perkin-Elmer infrared spectrophotometermodel 700. This spectrum is shown in FIG. 4. Referring to FIG. 4 theantibiotic shows strong absorption bands at the following positions,expressed in cm⁻¹ : 657, 699, 746, 753, 813, 832, 834, 895, 909, 935,976, 1020, 1040, 1070, 1115, 1152, 1176, 1220, 1235, 1267, 1299, 1316,1346, 1381, 1420, 1447, 1468, 1616, 1698, 1724, 2898.5, 2933, 2994,3086, 3460.

(8) Proton Magnetic Resonance Spectra of the Grahamimycin A in CDCl₃

Spectra were obtained on a Varian Associates Model EM360 at 60 MHz andon a JEOL Model MH100 at 100 MHz.

    ______________________________________                                        Chemical                                                                              # of                    Possible                                      Shift, δ                                                                        Protons   Pattern       Assignment                                    ______________________________________                                        1.38    3H        doublet       methyl                                        1.43    3H        doublet       methyl                                        2.30    2H        several multiplets                                          4.18    1H        doublet       alcohol OH                                                                    (disappears upon                                                              deuteration)                                  4.50    1H        multiplet     H--C--OH                                      5.20    2H        two multiplets                                              5.80    1H        doublet (part of                                                              AB)           olefinic proton                               6.70    1H        doublet (part of                                                              AB)           olefinic proton                               6.72    1H        multiplet (part                                                               of AB split)  olefinic proton                               7.12    1H        doublet (part of                                                              AB)           Olefinic proton                               ______________________________________                                    

    ______________________________________                                        Decoupling Experiment                                                         Irradiation frequency, δ                                                                  Results                                                     ______________________________________                                        1. 1.38-1.43      5.20 altered                                                2. 5.20           Doublets at 1.38 and 1.43 go to                                               2 singlets; alterations at 2.14                             3. 5.80           Multiplet at 6.72 is altered                                4. 2.30           Multiplet at 6.72 goes to                                                     doublet and some change at                                                    5.20                                                        ______________________________________                                    

(9). Carbon-13 Magnetic Resonance Spectra of Antibiotic in CDCl₃

Spectra were obtained on a Brucker WH-90 instrument at 90 MHZ.

    ______________________________________                                        Proton Decoupled, Chemical Shifts from TMS                                    External Standard                                                             Chemical shift, δ                                                                        Assignment                                                   ______________________________________                                        18.9             Methyl carbon                                                20.0             Methyl carbon                                                40.2             Two methylene carbons                                        66.3             Carbon bonded to oxygen                                                       by single bond                                               70.5             Carbon bonded to oxygen                                                       by single bond                                               73.0             Carbon bonded to oxygen                                                       by single bond                                               ______________________________________                                    

(10). Comments on the NMR

The uncoupled spectra are consistent with assignments. No protons areseen with any carbonyl assignments. Each olefinic carbon has onedirectly bonded proton. Methyl carbons appear as quartets in undecoupledspectra. The three carbons each bonded to oxygen by a single bondrepresent the two carbons of each of two alcohols in two ester linkagesand one carbon of a secondary alcohol. All carbon spectra of these threeare doublets in undecoupled spectra showing that only one proton isbonded to each of these three carbons. In CDCl₃ the two methylenecarbons appear as a single line. In CD₃ OD two resonances are observedbut only 0.1 ppm apart. The undecoupled spectra in CDCl₃ reveals atriplet showing that two protons are directly bonded to each of the twocarbons.

(11). Stability of Grahamimycin A

Crystalline Grahamimycin A retained most of its biological activityafter melting into an amber-colored liquid and further heating up to150° C. for 2-3 minutes. When heated in ethanolic solutions (2 mg/ml)inside evacuated and sealed ampules at 100° C. for 1 hr., 70% of theactivity was lost. More than 90% of the activity was lost after heatingat 100° C. for 2 hours and no activity was detectable after 3 hours.When dissolved in chloroform for extended periods at 23° C. somedecomposition to a yellow oily material took place although there was nosignificant loss in biological activity of the antibiotic.

The silylated derivatives of the molecule lost more than 80% of theactivity. Reaction with diazomethane or transesterification in BF₃-methanol resulted in complete loss of antibiotic activity. Acetylationin acetic anhydridepyridine resulted in complete retention of biologicalactivity. Tetrahydro Grahamimycin A prepared by hydrogenation ashereinafter described was not active.

(12). Solubility

Grahamimycin A is soluble at 23° C. in methanol, ethanol, propanol,butanol, methylene chloride, ethylene chloride, chloroform,butylchloride, acetone, methylethyl ketone, methylisobutyl ketone,ethylacetate, acetonitrile, diethylether, and diisopropyl ether. It issparingly soluble in water and carbon tetrachloride, and almostinsoluble in petroleum ether, heptane and hexane.

(13). Color Reactions

Grahamimycin A gave negative tests with anthrone, phenol-sulfuric acidand ninhydrin.

(14). Chromatrographic Migration

Grahamimycin A gave a single symmetrical spot when tested by usingKodak-plastic ready-made chromotographic migration silica gel plateswith different solvent systems. The antibiotic spot on thin layerchromatography (TLC) was observed under UV because of its fluorescence;the biological activity of the antibiotic on TLC was determined byrunning a bioautogram of plates with P. nigrifacines as a susceptibleorganism. In all these chromatograms the biological activity wasassociated with the UV-fluorescent spot on the chromatogram.

Grahamimycin A is the macrocyclic dilactone corresponding to thestructural formula: ##STR3## The chemical structure of Grahamimycin Awas established by a combination of chemical and spectral methods. Thecomposition data obtained from combustion analysis and mass spectroscopycoupled with structural assignments from both pmr and cmr studiesindicated the presence of only one ring. The pmr and cmr decouplingexperiments strongly indicated the presence of an α-ketol function whichwas confirmed by selective cleavage of this function with periodic acidto form a single carboxyaldehyde. The tetrahydro form of the antibioticwas similarly cleaved to a carboxyaldehyde in which it was possible todiscern a succinate moiety. This confirmed the assignment of a ##STR4##substructure indicated by the nmr experiments.

From these data and the optical rotation the structure was shown to be12-hydroxy-6,14-dimethyl-1,7-dioxacyclotetradeca-3,9-diene-2,8-11-trione[3E, 6R, 9E, 12R, 14S].

A similar dilactone has been reported in the literature (J. MacMillanand T. Simpson, JCS Perkin 1,14, 1487 (1973)) which is designedcolletoketol(12-hydroxy-6,14-dimethyl-1,7-dioxyacyclotetradeca-3,9-diene-2,8-11-trione[3E,6R, 9E, 12R, 14R]). However, comparison of the i.r. spectra ofGrahamimycin A and colletoketol, as well as the melting points and mixedmelting points of the corresponding tetrahydro derivatives establishedthat these substances, although very similar, were not identical.Tetrahydro-Grahamimycin A was prepared by hydrogenating 130 mg ofGrahamimycin A in 5 ml absolute alcohol over 1.1 mg Adam's Catalyst for1 hour. The crude material after evaporation of the ethanol waschromatographed on a 12×1 cm column of Silica Gel eluted with 20% Et₂O-CH₂ Cl₂. Recrystallization from CH₂ Cl₂ -Et₂ O afforded plates mp103°-105° C.

The relative and absolute stereochemistry of Grahamimycin A wasestablished as follows. From the fermentation mixture a relatedsubstance Grahamimycin B was isolated as above. Spectral evidencesuggested that Grahamimycin B was a hydroxy-derivative related toGrahamimycin A by addition of the elements of water across the C-9-C-10double bond. This was confirmed by conversion of Grahamimycin A and B tothe same tetrahydroacetate by treatment first with acetic anhydride inpyridine followed by hydrogenation over platinum in the followingmanner. A 62.6 mg sample of Grahamimycin A was dissolved in 0.5 ml ofdry pyridine. To this solution was added 0.2 ml acetic anhydride. After11/2 hours at room temperature the excess reagents were evaporated atreduced pressure. The residue was chromatographed on a 1/2×20 inchcolumn of Woelm 32-63μ Silica Gel eluted with a mixture of 20% Et₂ O-80%CH₂ Cl₂ to afford 47 mg of acetate as a pale yellow oil. All attempts tocrystallize the acetate field.

Reduction of a 37 mg sample of Grahamimycin A acetate with excess H₂ in1 ml absolute ethanol over 1.0 mg of Adam's catalyst afforded, afterevaporation of the solvent at reduced pressure and preparativethin-layer chromatography on Silica Gel (E. Merck PF₂₅₄) developed with20% Et₂ O-CH₂ Cl₂, 10 mg of crystalline tetrahydroacetate mp 107°-8°.

In a like manner, a 48.7 mg sample of Grahamimycin B was treated with0.5 ml pyridine and 0.25 ml acetic anhydride. After stirring overnightat room temperature the reaction mixture was poured into water andextracted three times with ether. The combined ether extracts werewashed with 10% aqueous acetic acid. After drying with anhydrousmagnesium sulfate the extract was concentrated to a yellow oil atreduced pressure.

The crude material was filtered through a 0.5×10 cm Silica Gel column,then chromatographed on a Silica Gel preparative plate developed with 5%Et₂ O-CH₂ Cl₂ to afford 34 mg of a pale yellow oil which appeared to beidentical to Grahamimycin acetate. The acetic anhydride-pyridine reagentapparently causes elimination of the C-9 hydroxyl with formation of theC-9-C-10 double bond.

The identify of the acetates from Grahamimycins A and B was confirmed byhydrogenation of the acetate from Grahamimycin B, by the aforementionedhydrogenation procedure, to a crystalline substance mp 106°-7° which didnot cause depression of the melting point upon admixture withtetrahydro-Grahamimycin A acetate. This establishes that Grahamimycins Aand B have the same ring structures and stereochemistry.

An X-ray structure of the highly crystalline Grahamimycin B affordedconfirmation of the structures proposed for Grahamimycin B andGrahamimycin A and also provided the relative stereochemistry. Theabsolute configuration was established by mild basic hydrolysis whichresulted in the formation of 5(R)-hydroxy-2(E)-hexenoic acid [α]_(D) ²³-11.7° (lit. [α]_(D) ²³ -10°). Since the C-5 asymmetric center of thehydroxyhexenoic acid is the C-2 center of Grahamimycins A and B the C-2center must have the R configuration. Therefore, the absoluteconfiguration of Grahamimycin B is that shown in structure (II) andGrahamimycin A in structure (I). ##STR5##

EXAMPLE 3 ANTIMICROBIAL SPECTRUM OF THE GRAHAMIMYCIN A

Turbidimetric, tube dilution, and petri-dish zonal-inhibition techniqueswere employed to evaluate the antimicrobial efficacy of theGrahamimycins. Since Grahamimycin A was only slightly soluble in water,it was dissolved first in small amounts of methanol or ethanol to makestandard solutions. For control samples in the assays, organic solventwas added to compensate for any inhibitory effect due to the solvent.Most of the inhibition studies were performed by using a modifiedpaper-disc zonal-inhibition technique in which a known amount of stocksolution of the antibiotic was dispensed on paper discs on a nylonsupport. The discs were transferred, after the removal of the solventsby air evaporation for two hours, onto the surface of seeded agarcontaining a uniform dispersion of the test organism prepared asdescribed in the following paragraph. To ensure reproducible diffusionof the antibiotic, discs were incubated for a fixed time (at least sixhours) at 2° C. prior to growth of the test organism at 37° C.

In order to seed the agar plates or to inoculate liquid media forturbidimetric measurements test organisms which had been grown overnightor to log phase were used. Different types of suitable media wereemployed to grow more fastidious types of microorganisms. In most testsnutrient broth was used. After overnight growth, 6-10 ml of thebacterial culture was added while mixing to 450-500 ml of sterilenutrient agar in a temperature range of 40°-45° C. Ten-milliliteraliquots of this bacterial suspension were dispensed into each 100 mmpetri dish. Most of these seeded agar plates were used on the same daybut they could be stored at 2°-4° C. for 5-6 days without affectingtheir response to the antibiotic.

Results are summarized in Table 2. As evident, Grahamimycin A is broadspectrum antibiotic that is active against gram-positive andgram-negative bacteria, cyanobacteria (blue-green algae), green algaeand fungi. A semilogarithmic plot of inhibition zone width for Ps.nigrifaciens versus antibiotic dosage reveals linearity as would beexpected.

                                      TABLE 2                                     __________________________________________________________________________    ANTIMICROBIAL SPECTRUM OF GRAHAMIMYCIN-A                                                     Inhibition Zone Width (cm) -for Antibiotic Applied                           (μg/disc)                                                    Organisms     2 μg                                                                          5 μg                                                                           10 μg                                                                          15 μg                                                                          20 μg                                                                          30 μg                                                                          40 μg                                 __________________________________________________________________________    BACTERIA                                                                      Alcaligenes faecalis                                                                        --.sup.a                                                                         1.40                                                                              1.70                                                                              1.70                                                                              1.70                                                                              2.20                                                                              2.20                                     Arthrobacter globiniformis                                                                  1.70                                                                              1.975                                                                            2.05                                                                              2.40                                                                              2.75                                                                              3.10                                                                              3.50                                     Bacillus cereus                                                                             1.40                                                                             1.90                                                                              2.30                                                                              1.50                                                                              2.70                                                                              3.20                                                                              3.20                                     Bacillus lactosporus                                                                        1.90                                                                             2.40                                                                              2.80                                                                              2.90                                                                              3.10                                                                              3.40                                                                              3.50                                     Bacillus megatherium                                                                        1.70                                                                             2.10                                                                              2.80                                                                              3.10                                                                              3.40                                                                              3.55                                                                              3.80                                     Bacillus subtilis                                                                           1.95                                                                             2.55                                                                              3.10                                                                              3.20                                                                              3.30                                                                              3.55                                                                              3.80                                     Bacillus thuringensis                                                                       1.70                                                                             2.25                                                                              2.55                                                                              2.75                                                                              2.95                                                                              3.35                                                                              3.40                                     Citrobacter sp.                                                                             -- --  --  --  --  --  1.90                                     Corynebacterium diphtheriae                                                                 -- ±.sup.b                                                                        +.sup.c                                                                           +   +   +   +                                        Corynebacterium ulcereus                                                                    1.90                                                                             2.50                                                                              2.70                                                                              2.95                                                                              3.20                                                                              3.50                                                                              3.50                                     Edwardsiella sp.                                                                            1.40                                                                             1.70                                                                              1.90                                                                              2.15                                                                              2.20                                                                              2.20                                                                              2.50                                     Enterobacter aerogenes                                                                      -- --  --  --  --  2.50                                                                              2.50                                     Erwinia amylovorous                                                                         1.50                                                                             1.60                                                                              1.85                                                                              2.15                                                                              2.50                                                                              2.60                                                                              2.85                                     Escherichia coli                                                                            -- ±                                                                              ±                                                                              1.55                                                                              1.60                                                                              1.65                                                                              1.80                                     Herella vaginicola                                                                          -- --  1.60                                                                              1.70                                                                              1.85                                                                              2.25                                                                              2.30                                     Klebsiella sp.                                                                              -- --  --  --  1.50                                                                              1.50                                                                              1.50                                     Micrococcus amylovorous                                                                     1.45                                                                             1.55                                                                              1.65                                                                              1.80                                                                              2.15                                                                              2.44                                                                              2.70                                     Micrococcus sp.                                                                             -- 1.70                                                                              1.80                                                                              2.05                                                                              2.00                                                                              2.20                                                                              2.60                                     Proteus vulgaris                                                                            -- --  --  --  --  --  --                                       Pseudomonas aeruginosa                                                                      -- +   +   +   +   +   +                                        Pseudomonas nigrifaciens                                                                    1.55                                                                             1.70                                                                              2.30                                                                              2.35                                                                              2.50                                                                              2.60                                                                              2.90                                     Pseudomonas stutzeri                                                                        -- --  1.50                                                                              1.55                                                                              1.63                                                                              1.70                                                                              2.10                                     Salmonella anatum                                                                           -- --  --  --  --  --  --                                       Salmonella monteroides                                                                      -- --  --  ±                                                                              1.55                                                                              1.60                                                                              1.70                                     Salmonella typhi                                                                            -- --  --  --  1.50                                                                              1.50                                                                              1.50                                     Salmonella typhimurium                                                                      1.50                                                                             1.95                                                                              2.0 2.15                                                                              2.20                                                                              2.40                                                                              2.60                                     Salmonella worthington                                                                      -- --  1.50                                                                              1.60                                                                              1.80                                                                              1.80                                                                              1.85                                     Sarcina lutea +  +   +   +   +   +   +                                        Serratia marcescens                                                                         1.40                                                                             1.90                                                                              1.95                                                                              2.00                                                                              2.10                                                                              2.30                                                                              2.30                                     Shigella flexneri                                                                           1.45                                                                             1.90                                                                              2.30                                                                              2.30                                                                              2.30                                                                              2.30                                                                              2.30                                     Shigella sonnei                                                                             -- --  --  --  --  --  --                                       Shigella boydii                                                                             -- --  1.55                                                                              1.80                                                                              1.85                                                                              1.90                                                                              2.23                                     Staphylococcus aureus                                                                       1.45                                                                             1.55                                                                              1.90                                                                              2.15                                                                              2.25                                                                              2.55                                                                              2.85                                     Staphylococcus epidermides                                                                  -- --  --  1.45                                                                              1.70                                                                              1.80                                                                              1.95                                     Streptococcus faecalis                                                                      -- --  +   +   +   +   +                                        Streptococcus lactis                                                                        1.45                                                                             1.90                                                                              2.30                                                                              2.30                                                                              2.30                                                                              2.80                                                                              2.80                                     BLUE GREEN ALGAE                                                              Anabaena cylindrica                                                                         3.3                                                                              3.5 4.0 4.2 4.50                                                                              6.0 7.0                                      Fischerella musicola                                                                        +  +   +   +   +   +   +                                        Lingbya sp.   1.70                                                                             2.20                                                                              3.2 3.80                                                                              4.50                                                                              5.00                                                                              6.0>                                     Oscillatoria chalybea                                                                       2.20                                                                             2.90                                                                              3.20                                                                              3.50                                                                              3.80                                                                              5.00                                                                              5.5>                                     Oscillatoria formosa                                                                        2.00                                                                             2.50                                                                              2.70                                                                              3.60                                                                              4.50                                                                              4.8-5.00                                                                          5.0-6.00>                                Oscillatoria tenuis                                                                         2.50                                                                             3.50                                                                              3.50                                                                              4.00                                                                              4.00                                                                              5.0>                                                                              5.0>                                     Plectonema boryalis                                                                         1.90                                                                             3.50                                                                              4.20                                                                              4.35                                                                              4.50                                                                              5.00                                                                              6.00                                     Synecococcus cedrorum                                                                       1.90                                                                             3.50                                                                              5.00                                                                              5.20                                                                              5.50                                                                              6.00                                                                              7.00                                     GREEN ALGAE                                                                   Chlamydomonas moewusii                                                                      -- --  --  1.45                                                                              1.60                                                                              1.60                                                                              1.60                                     Pandorina morum                                                                             1.40                                                                             1.60                                                                              2.00                                                                              2.25                                                                              2.40                                                                              2.60                                         FUNGI                                                                         Ascoidea rubescens                                                                          -- --  +   +   +   +   +                                        Candida albicans                                                                            -- --  --  ±                                                                              +   +   +                                        Coniophora puteana                                                                          -- --  --  --  --  --  --                                       Corticum galactum                                                                           -- --  --  --  --  --  --                                       Cytospora decipiens                                                                         -- --  --  --  --  --  --                                       Cytospora sp. W.F.P.L.                                                                      -- --  --  --  --  --  --                                       Dipodascus uninucleatus                                                                     -- --  +   +   +   +   +                                        Glomerella cingulate                                                                        +  +   +   +   +   +   +                                        Odontia bicolor                                                                             -- --  --  --  --  --  --                                       Saccharomyces kluyeuri                                                                      -- --  ±                                                                              +   +   +   +                                        Sclerotium cepivorum                                                                        -- --  --  --  --  --  --                                       Sclerotium rolfeii                                                                          -- --  --  --  --  --  --                                       Trametus cerealis                                                                           -- --  --  --  --  --  --                                       Trechispora sp.                                                                             -- --  --  --  --  --  --                                       __________________________________________________________________________     .sup.a not inhibited                                                          .sup.b partially inhibited                                                    .sup.c inhibited +                                                       

EXAMPLE 4 TOXICITY OF GRAMIMYCIN A-C COMPLEX

Intraperitonial injections of 100 mg of crude Grahamimycin A-C complex(see FIG. 2) per Kg body weight of adult mice did not induce any toxicsymptoms. Similarly 300 mg/Kg body weight of an oral dose did notproduce any toxic symptoms.

EXAMPLE 5 GRAHAMIMYCIN B AND CONVERSION TO GRAHAMIMYCIN A ANDGRAHAMIMYCIN A ACETATE

4.23 grams of crude light yellow to amber-colored partially crystallinesolid antibiotic material obtained in Example 1 (FIG. 2--crudeGrahamimycin A, B, C, Complex) was placed on a 1"×6" silica gel column(Baker Analysed Reagent) and consecutively eluted with the followingsolvents.

    ______________________________________                                                                 Weight and Composition                               Fraction Solvent         of isolated solids                                   ______________________________________                                        1        200 ml 2% ether in                                                                            2.621g-mostly                                                 methylene chloride                                                                            Grahamimycin A                                       2        200 ml 2% ether in                                                                            0.214g-mostly                                                 methylene chloride                                                                            Grahamimycin B                                       3        100 ml 10% ether in                                                                           0.063g-mostly                                                 methylene chloride                                                                            Grahamimycin B                                       4        100 ml 10% ether in                                                                           0.09g-mostly                                                  methylene chloride                                                                            Grahamimycin B                                       5        100 ml methanol 1.25-mostly                                                                   Grahamimycin C                                       ______________________________________                                    

The solids from fractions 2, 3 and 4 were combined (0.363 grams) andplaced on a 2.5×49 cm. silica gel column Merck Silica 60 (40-60 microno)and eluted with 5% methanol-20% ether in methylene chloride at 24ml/minute to obtain 30-70 ml tubes which yielded three fractions, acomplex mixture (TLC, R_(f) 0.6) (tube 4); a second three componentcomplex mixture (TLC, R_(f))0.5) (tubes 5-7); and Grahamimycin B (tubes8-11). The Grahamimycin B fraction isolated by evaporation (104 mg) wasrecrystallized four times from methanol, then 50% methylene chloride,50% ether-hexane to yield 50 mg of Grahamimycin B mp 125°-126° C.

A 10.3 mg sample of the above Grahamimycin B was dissolved in 0.25 ml ofpyridine and treated with 0.1 ml of acetic anhydride. TLC on silica gel(10% ether in methylene chloride) showed the reaction product to be amixture of Grahamimycin A and the acetate of Grahamimycin A.

EXAMPLE 6 GRAHAMIMYCIN A STEARATE.

A 34 mg sample of Grahamimycin A was dissolved in 0.25 ml pyridine.Stearoyl chloride (Eastman), 100 μl, was added with stirring. After 4hours at room temperature the mixture was poured in 5% aqueous H₂ SO₄overlaid with ether. The layers were separated and the ether layer waswashed sequentially with 5% H₂ SO₄, H₂ O, and brine, then dried withanhydrous MgSO₄ and concentrated at reduced pressure to afford a yellowoil.

The crude product was chromatographed on a silica gel preparative platedeveloped with 3% ether in dichloromethane. The band at R_(f) 0.6 wasremoved and extracted to afford 38 mg (58%) of Grahamimycin A stearateas a clear, colorless oil. Upon cooling this material forms a waxysolid.

As can be seen from the previously described Grahamimycin A acetate andthe preceding example, esters of Grahamimycin A can be formed, whichesters are biologically active. These esters are also hydrolyzable toprovide Grahamimycin A at a desired rate. Grahamimycin A esters can beformed by conventional esterification techniques where a free carboxylgroup or an acid halide group is reacted with the hydroxyl group withthe aid of known dehydrating or dehydrohalogenating agents. The estergroup can be derived from saturated or unsaturated, straight orbranched, substituted or unsubstituted aliphatic acids containing 1 toabout 20 and preferably 2 to about 10 carbon atoms. Suitable acidsinclude RCOOH were R is methyl, ethyl, propyl, isopropyl, tert butylamyl, isoamyl, hexyl, heptyl and octyl, maleic acid, malonic acid,succinic acid, stearic acid, glutaric acid, cyclohexane carboxylic acidand substituted or unsubstituted benzoic acid. Preferably the acid is apharaceutically acceptable acid.

EXAMPLE 7

The broad antimicrobial nature of Grahamimycin A makes it an excellentsubstance for use on a variety of microbially induced mammaliandisorders, including its possible use as a topical ointment in healingof skin wounds. In the following study, the efficiency in healing ofinfected skin wounds in laboratory animals is set forth:

Two sets of five mice each were used for this study. The back portionsof each mouse were shaved to facilitate the application of theantibiotic solution to the infected wounds. On the skin of each mouse,three to four longitudinal incisions ranging from 1.5 to 2.0 mm deep and10 to 15 mm in length were made. A drop of log-phase (approximately 10⁶organisms per ml) pathogenic Staphyloccocus aureus was smeared on thesurface of the wounds with a cotton swab. After 30 to 45 minutes, thewounds in one set of animals were swabbed with a drop of 2 mg/ml aqueoussolution of Grahamimycin A. The mice were caged and given food and waterad libitum.

General morphological changes in wounds were recorded. For the antomicalstudy, the skin sections of mice around the incision areas were excisedand preserved in FAA. Permanent slides from microtome sections of skinwere also prepared to serve any abnormalities in the healed wounds.

Those wounds on mice which were not treated by the antibiotic solutionbecome reddened, raised, crested, cankerous and showed all symptoms ofinflammation and infection. All of the treated wounds healed with littlereddening and in some mice the healing was so perfect that it wasdifficult to locate the original incision scar. Anatomical details didnot reveal any abnormalities of accumulation of oil or fat in thetreated samples and skin sections were almost identical to the unwoundedareas of the skin.

EXAMPLE 8

Grahamimycin A was shown effective against Neisseria gonorrhea strain2686, colony 4, grown at 37° C. in liquid culture where the medium wasGC medium base (Difco) supplemented as described in Gilbs et al J. Exp.Med. 141, 155 (1975). At 10 μg/ml Grahamimycin A was effective (nogrowth); at 1 μg/ml there was only a slight, if any, inhibitory effect.

Cytospora sp. W.F.P.L. 13A has been deposited with the American TypeCulture Collection in accordance with In re Argoudelis et al, 168U.S.P.Q. 99 as ATCC 20502.

We claim:
 1. A macrocyclic polylactone corresponding to the formula:##STR6## and pharmacalogically acceptable esters thereof.
 2. Thecompound, as in claim 1, Grahamimycin A which(a) is a white to lightyellow, semitransparent crystalline compound, the color, size and shapeof the crystals being dependent on the solvents and conditions used forcrystallization; (b) has a melting point 140°-148° C. (dec); (c) has amolecular formula C₁₄ H₁₈ O₆ ; (d) has an elemental analysis insubstantially the following proportions: 59.46% C. and 6.66% H, withless than 0.1% N; (e) has specic rotation of [α]_(D) ²² -34° (1.47 inCHCl₃); (f) has an infrared spectrum as shown in accompanying FIG. 4;(g) has the structural formula ##STR7##
 3. The acetate ester of thecompound of claim
 2. 4. A macrocyclic polylactone corresponding to theformula ##STR8##